A Palestinian man with security clearance to work at a Jewish settlement in the occupied West Bank opened fire at a checkpoint on Tuesday, killing two Israeli security guards and a paramilitary policeman.
The assailant, who was armed with a pistol and also seriously wounded a fourth Israeli, was shot dead, police said.
The incident was unusual in that the 37-year-old man had been issued an Israeli work permit - a process that entails security vetting - unlike most of the Palestinians involved in a wave of street attacks that began two years ago.
A police spokeswoman said the gunman approached Har Adar among a group of Palestinians who work at the settlement, and aroused the suspicion of guards at the entrance checkpoint.
Challenged to halt, the Palestinian "opened his shirt, drew a pistol and fired at the security staff and troopers at close range," the spokeswoman said.
Residents of the settlement told Israeli media the man worked as a cleaner. One of them, Moish Berdichev, said he had domestic problems - his wife had left him - and speculated he may have carried out the attack knowing he would not survive.
"He was a guy with a good head on his shoulders. It's a shame. Very sad," Berdichev told Army Radio.
The Shin Bet internal security service identified the man as Nimr Jamal and said he had "severe personal and family issues, including domestic violence".
The man lived in the nearby Palestinian village of Beit Suriq, the police said.