Violations of international humanitarian law: Who will hold Israel accountable?

Amid ongoing wars in the Middle East, it is essential to recognize that even in the brutality of war, fundamental rules outlined in international humanitarian law must not be disregarded.

These rules have been established to safeguard the rights and well-being of civilians. They are enshrined in international agreements such as the Fourth Geneva Convention (1949), the Hague Convention (1954), and the First and Second Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions (1977). Together, these agreements dictate what is permissible and forbidden during armed wars.

International humanitarian law provides crucial protection for non-combatant civilians by safeguarding civilian sites.

What exactly constitutes such sites?

Residential areas: This includes the homes where civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, reside.

Educational institutions: Schools and universities are off-limits for attacks.

Vital installations: Targeting vital installations, such as dams, bridges, and nuclear power stations, carries severe humanitarian consequences.

Prohibition on targeting food sources/agricultural areas and water facilities: Attacking food sources, agricultural areas, and water supply networks is strictly prohibited.

Medical facilities: Hospitals that care for the wounded and sick must never be attacked. Medical personnel, as well as organizations like the Red Cross, Civil Defense teams, and relief groups, are also protected.

Cultural and religious sites: Cultural properties and religious places of worship, which are irreplaceable and hold significant cultural importance, should not be targeted.

International peacekeeping centers: International institutions maintaining security and peace must be protected.

Deviation from these rules constitutes a war crime, and those responsible can be held accountable by international law and criminal courts.

However, Israel has been repeatedly violating these rules, which include attacks on the Al-Maamadani Baptist Hospital, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) schools, a church, and the Red Crescent.

Who will hold Israel accountable for these violations?