Saudi Arabia's King Salman arrived in Ankara on Monday ahead of an Islamic summit in Turkey later in the week.
Salman was welcomed by Turkey's president, Tayyip Erdogan.
The Saudi and Turkish leaders, whose countries have close ties, are expected to discuss regional issues, and in particular, the conflicts in Syria and Yemen.
Heads of state from Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries are due to gather in Istanbul on Thursday and Friday.
Previous gatherings of the 57-member body have witnessed diplomatic showdowns between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shi'ite Iran, which have backed different sides in sectarian conflicts in the Middle East region.
Earlier, Egypt's oldest secular university had granted King Salman an honorary doctorate for his "unique services" to Arabs and Muslims, the final function in a five-day visit clouded by opposition to Cairo's intention to hand over control of two Red Sea islands to Riyadh.
In its citation, Cairo University said Salman was a "global and pivotal figure with massive influence in the Arab and International arenas" and praised his support for Egypt and the university.
Monday's ceremony came a day after Salman, who ascended the throne in January last year, addressed the Egyptian parliament. The Saudi and Egyptian governments have also signed more than a dozen accords and memoranda that involved billions of dollars in Saudi aid and investment to Egypt.